Influence Of Communist Manifesto Written By Karl Marx And...

The essay analyses the depth of Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The book demonstrates an ideology which was completely different from the socio and political concepts prevailed at that time. This text provides an implicit picture of the social and cultural changes in 1950s Europe. According to Hunt et al (2012), Communist Manifesto was one the most influential text that changed the ideology of people and manipulated the political changes to form a social and communist state in some super powerful states in the world. In the 1950s was marked by the nation-state disruption in Europe. The better-informed Europeans started to protest the policies of the states as well as transforming nature of the economy. The†¦show more content†¦He describes the economic growth of a class through manufacturing, expansion of markets and oppression on the economically weaker class gradually divided the society into two halves- ‘have and have not’. The bourgeois capitalists increased their own capital and the small business owners and artisans failed to compete with them. Thus, their situation became more deteriorated and this created a revolutionary element in the minds of the weaker section for destroying the supremacy of their bourgeois autocrats. The people were so dissatisfied that the society was going towards anarchy. â€Å"As the nation-state expanded its power, workers were also drawn to anarchism, which maintained that the existence of the state was the root of social injustice† (Hunt et al 2012). The concept of ‘Proletariats and Communists’ describes that the interests of the communists are not different from that of the proletarians. Their primary objective was the abolition of private property thus equal power and end of exploitation. â€Å"Capitalism would be overthrown by these workers — the proletariat — who would then form a socialist society† (Hunt et al 2012). The last chapters of the book record the position of the communism in the opposing situation marked by social and economic transformation. Marx demanded that the communist thinkers want a social change through a revolution so that the balance and equality can be established. They will be a protest as well as revolutionary movement whenever thereShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx A German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary scientist, Marx was best known for his work in economics. He laid the foundations for today s theories of labor and capital. The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital were among the most famous of his published works. Born to a middle-class family in Trier, Prussia in 1818, his parents were Jewish, but converted to Christianity in 1816 due to strict anti- Jewish laws. He was baptized as a Christian at the age of six but laterRead More The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Its Influence on Society998 Words   |  4 PagesThe Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Its Influence on Society The German political philosopher and revolutionary, Karl Marx is best known for his radical concepts of society. His socialist views are best seen in his work Communist Manifesto. As one of the most influential thinkers of all times, he was able to convey revolutionary ideas in a manner that all could understand. Due to its comprehendible nature and usefulness to the people of his time this document was widely popularRead MoreTyranny And The Social Wellbeing Of Citizens1750 Words   |  7 Pagesage after the French Revolution, the vast majority of political and philosophical thinkers concerned themselves at some point with the issue of tyranny in society. Such writers spanned from Alexis de Tocqueville, to John Stuart Mill, to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The interpretations and approaches taken to the subject of tyranny and how to protect against it, though, were as varied as the collection of authors who addressed it. From de Tocqueville’s stringent observ ations in Democracy in AmericaRead MoreKarl Marx And The German Political System1427 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx was born on May 5th 1818 in Trier, Germany, which was then known as the Kingdom of Prussia. Karl was a philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labor and it’s relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. He was born into a wealthy upper middle-class family. He attended school at the University of Bonn and later he studied law and philosophy at the University of BerlinRead MoreThe Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1384 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundations to communism and influence leaders like Lenin and Tse-Tung. Capital and The Communist Manifesto were both written by Karl Marx and have forever changed the course of history. On May 5, 1818, Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Trier, Prussia (modern day Trier, Germany) to Heinrich and Henrietta Marx. Throughout Karl’s schooling years, he was considered to be an ordinary student; he was not an outstanding student and did not take school seriously. In 1835, Marx began his college career atRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto, And Karl Marx And Rerum Novarum901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Communist Manifesto is written by the philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, it was published on February 21, 1848. The Rerum Novarum was published on May 16, 1891 by Pope Leo XIII. They are two documents that talk about an issue in two very different ways. These two works have similar general ideas, like the weakening of the old order, class conflicts, and thinking about violent outbursts among the people. The Communist Manifesto was published in Germany as the guiding principles ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Common Sense By Thomas Paine1474 Words   |  6 PagesThese books would lay the foundation to communism and influence leaders like Lenin and Tse-Tung. Karl Marx’ works, Capital and The Communist Manifesto, have forever changed the course of history. On May 5, 1818, Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Trier, Prussia (modern day Trier, Germany) to Heinrich and Henrietta Marx. Throughout Karl’s schooling years, he was considered to be an ordinary student and did not take school seriously. In 1835, Marx began his college career at the University of Bonn, aRead MoreEssay about The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Communist Manifesto was written by two world renowned philosophers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. This book was produced in an era of great suffering and anguish of all workers in a socially distressed system. In a time when revolutions were spreading through Europe like wildfire, Marx organized his thoughts and views to produce the critical pamphlet â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†. Marx’s scrutiny illustrates his belief that unlessRead More Karl Marx Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesKARL MARX: A CRITICAL PROFILE 1. Contribution Like Charles Darwin (1809-82), his contemporary, Karl Marx (1818-83) has had a profound impact on modern thought. This German philosopher, social scientist, and professional revolutionary formulated a theory of social change that influenced most modern forms of socialism and communism. Marx pioneered conflict theory. Motivated by a belief in human emancipation, he tried to discover a way to free people from the social, political, and economic constraintsRead MoreThe Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The Manifesto of the Communist party is a book written in 1847, by a group of radical workers part the â€Å"Communist League.† Including the radical workers, the group comprised of Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. They met in London to write a manifesto on their behalf, which would be famously known as the Communist Manifesto. Marx was the principle author, while Engels was mainly focused on editing and assisting. The Communist Manifesto was originally published in London in 1848. The

The Subjects of Shakespeares Sonnets - 579 Words

Though William Shakespeare’s sonnets were not in a sequence as per the style of his contemporaries and those before him, such as SIr Philip Sidney and Edmund Spenser, they still parallel each twist and turn of his love life, as he wrote them as they occurred. The first subject of his sonnets--among which are some of his most famous--are the â€Å"Fair Youth† (believed to be a young nobleman) of apparent beauty, and the second, the â€Å"Dark Lady†, a woman of perhaps equal or greater beauty to him. Interestingly, they were both much younger than him, as he makes a point to mention on several occasions, which is probably why he reiterates that his love for them will live on, and thus the themes of time and death taking away what one holds dear appear repeatedly. He habitually returns to the sadness he feels when he is without his love, and usually follows up with either the sentiment that he doesn’t care so long as he is able to love them, or that his poems are his exclamations of affection and his reprieve. As for the latter, a prime example is his ninety-eighth sonnet. As it is before the introduction of the Dark Lady, this sonnet is about the Fair Youth. In the first line, we learn that the topic of the poem is separation from one’s love or lover: â€Å"From you have I been absent in the spring†. He then tries to blame personifications of nature for his state, as he often does. Saturn (in Roman myth, the Titan of time) â€Å"laughed and leapt† (4) with April, or spring, as they turnedShow MoreRelatedShakespeare s Sonnets Of William Shakespeare1006 Words   |  5 Pageswell-renowned. 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Although Edmund Spenser’s â€Å"Sonnet 75† and William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 18† relate in the sense that love is genuine and everlasting, Spenser suggests love more optimistically, whereasRead More Immortality Through Verse in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonnet 751681 Words   |  7 PagesImmortality Through Verse in Shakespeareà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonnet 75  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Desiring fame, celebrity, and importance, people for centuries have yearned for the ultimately unattainable goal of immortality. Poets, too, have expressed desires in verse that their lovers remain as they are for eternity, in efforts of praise. Though Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Spenser’s Sonnet 75 from Amoretti both offer lovers this immortality through verse, only Spenser pairs this immortality with respectRead MoreComparing the Sonnets of Petrarchan and Shakespearean in Style, Structure and Subject Approach1180 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare and Petrarch, two poets popular for their contributions on the issue of love, both tackle the subject of their work through sonnet, yet there are key contrasts in their style, structure, and in the way, each approaches their subjects. Moreover, it is clear that in Sonnet 130, Shakespeare in fact parodies Petrarchs style and thoughts as his storyteller describes his mistress, whose eyes are in no way as the sun (S hakespeare 1918). Shakespeare seems, by all accounts, to mock the exaggeratedRead MoreComparison: Petrarchan and Shakespearean Sonnets1188 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the form of sonnet, Shakespeare and Petrarch both address the subject of love, yet there are key contrasts in their style, structure, and in the manner, each approaches their subjects. Moreover, in Sonnet 130, Shakespeare, in fact, parodies Petrarchs style and thoughts as his storyteller describes his mistress, whose eyes are in no way as the sun (Shakespeare 1918). Through his English poem, Shakespeare seems to mock the exaggerated descriptions expanded throughout Petrarch’s work byRead MoreShakespeare s Differing Opinions Of Preservation1058 Words   |  5 Pages Sonnet 17 and Sonnet 55: Shakespeare’s Differing Opinion of Preservation Two constant themes throughout this collection of sonnets is death and preservation. Shakespeare battles with the idea of how to preserve not only the beauty of his subject, but also his work without losing value and merit. Sonnet 17 and Sonnet 55 share the common idea that preservation is necessary and important, but each take different approaches to this preservation. From Sonnet 17 to Sonnet 55, Shakespeare grows confidentRead MoreA Very Brief Biography of William Shakespeare1609 Words   |  6 Pageswhole life writing some of the finest and well known plays and poems that are still highly valued in the present literary world. Shakespeare’s conventional themes for most of his plays and poems are about universal matters such as love, jealousy, and beauty which were common focus during the Renaissance era. During this period, Shakespeare’s poems, Sonnet 29 and Sonnet 130, demonstrates his views and morals regarding love to convey the theme of triumph of true love ove r beauty and wealth. WilliamRead MoreShakespeares Exploration in Sonnet 2 of the Themes of Age and Beauty1459 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeares Exploration in Sonnet 2 of the Themes of Age and Beauty  · Look closely at effects of language, imagery and handling of the sonnet form. * Comment on ways in which the poem’s methods and concerns are characteristic of other Shakespeare sonnets you have studied. The second of Shakespeare’s sonnets conveys an argument the poet is making somewhat implicitly to a subject whose identity is hazy and unknown to the reader, even in retrospect. The simplifiedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnets : The Greatest Of All Love Poems1465 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s sonnets are considered the greatest of all love poems. The collection contains 154 poems portraying themes of love such as beauty, lust, and estrangement. First published in 1609, these works have remained a popular subject in the world of literature for centuries to come. â€Å"Shakespeare has completely dominated the English-speaking state over the last four hundred years.† When thinking of Shakespeare, his famous plays such Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet are usually the first toRead MoreHow Shakespeare And Rossetti Engage With The Sonnet1241 Words   |  5 Pagesengage with the sonnet form, through Rossetti’s â€Å"A Sonnet† and Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 52†. Both poets arguably subvert the traditional Petrarchan sonnet genre, though in different ways. Rossettiâ⠂¬â„¢s ‘A Sonnet’ explores the sonnet as an art form rather than as a means of currency, as sonnets were seen to be at the time, and how if treated as a commodity, the value of a sonnet is diminished. Similarly, Shakespeare’s ‘Sonnet 52’ explores the connection between frequency and worth. However, ‘Sonnet 52’ adheres

Hayleys Consumer HR policy Free Essays

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. We will write a custom essay sample on Hayleys Consumer HR policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation Consumer products Power and energy Out of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the group’s total turnover. Hayleys Consumer Products limited hosts home for many of the world renown brands in Sri Lanka such as Downy, Gillette, Olay, Whispers, Tide, Pantene, Kiwi, Pringles, Fujifilm, GP Batteries, 3M, Head and Shoulders, Philips and etc. These brands are basically operated under few divisions such as Consumer Lighting, Consumer Imaging and Information, Consumer Healthcare, P;G products, New Business development. There is a supermarket channel owned by the Hayleys consumer named Haymart and there are outlets owned by Hayleys for perspective brands such as Hayleys Caf © Pixel for consumer imaging and information and Lighting craft for consumer lighting. Hayleys consumer products have reached a range of 70, 000 outlets throughout the country and expanding their business day by day as the corporate leader of the Sri Lankan market. During the last two years the group has delivered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased and favorable numerals. The share prices of the Hayleys group have also increased despite facing tough competition and rapidly changing market conditions. Investments made by the group has also rapidly increased within the past few years, this has especially been true for the leisure sector. 2. Examination on the five HR roles at Hayleys Consumer World of Hayleys has a proper Human resource management system under it, the world of Hayleys has a group HR department to control the HR activities of the companies under the group and each daughter company of the group has a separate HR department to control the HR activities going on inside the company. So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR executives under the manager. Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company. There are permanent staff and also contract staff working under Hayleys consumer. Service center is providing all these people with a maximum service for their betterment. All the HR functions are computerized at Hayleys consumer and the news and information is passed through email to the administrative and senior executive staff, including their pay role and other relevant information every month, those information for the other Junior staff with no company email address is given manually. The HR system is outsourced at Hayleys Consumer and all the details of every employee working under Hayleys consumer is inserted into the system where all the necessary details could be taken in a few seconds at the finger tips. HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if there’s any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department. When the service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be given within the organization. That is the main time where outsourcing comes in for the service center, and the evaluation is done through the company HR department. The provident fund at Hayleys consumer is the same as the group it is a private provident fund not like many of the other private companies in the country and the employees have quick access to their fund through he HR service center. . 2 Corporate HR Corporate HR usually lies on building a connection between the company’s strategic goals and the flow of Human resource objectives. Since the Hayleys Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in track with the Corporate Strategic goals. The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker. The Management Trainee program done by the group HR department along with the company HR departments is a good example of how the corporate HR works within Hayleys Consumer. Even when hiring interns for the consumer the group HR gives a better help in selecting the best to succeed towards he strategic goals of the corporate. When a division in the company ask for a new recruitment the HR division goes through their information bases and do the surveys to select the best fit for the position to make the path easier to achieve strategic goals. The recruitments training and development is done and the objectives of HR are set in a way which the group strategic goals can be achieved. But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where there was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didn’t since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals. At Hayleys consumer the mbedded role in HR is not identified as vital and important and not given much of an attention by the HR department of the company. The HR manager has direct links with the managers and the staff of the organization and opens up to discuss any issue or matter regarding their work but the discussions needed to be done to acknowledge the managers are not done properly. Sometimes the HR manager doesn’t know the vital situations in the company where there are threats for some employees Jobs where there are threats that some divisions could be closed down in the near future and the HR manager should have a clear understanding about such ituations to provide those employees with Job opportunities at least in some other company in the group but apparently the HR manager in the consumer products is not well aware of such facts, but the manager should be aware and should be able to provide necessary guidance for the employees in such situations. . 4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees. Interns working for consumer are given much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees are given the priority in the organization. 2. 5 Operational Executor This role is basically to check whether the other five roles are going in order to achieve the goals both HR and strategic for the organization. This role is done by the group HR for the consumer products limited and given much of a notice where the HR roles are carried through well within the organization. Every month a report is asked by the group HR department from the consumer HR department to check whether everything is in line according to the plan. The group HR in that regard plays a major role in monitoring the company’s carrying out on HR roles. 3. Conclusion Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has a more of a soft approach towards the human resource management where the freedom is given to the employees to carry n the work on their will to achieve strategic goals and company mission but there are some loop holes in the HRM in the Hayleys consumer products also like every other business organization the world and the loop holes can be overtaken if the HR department pays a little bit more attention towards them and make the work easier for the employees and make a safe and sound environment to work for all the employees in the organization. How to cite Hayleys Consumer HR policy, Papers

Ethical Theories Making Process & Decision †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Moral Decision Moral Theories Making Process? Answer: Introduction The case discusses about Dr. Susan Lim who was once a very reputed surgeon in the Singapore. She was well known for her first liver transplant performed in Singapore. She has a practicing medical license from the General Medical Council, London (Dr Susan Lim, 2016). She is responsible in handling many medical cases due to her diligence and professional experience. She was appointed to treat the sister of queen of Brunei, Pengiran Anak Hajah Damit. She was responsible for her medical care from the period of 2001 to 2007. An investigation was launched on the request of Brunei government and it was found out that she charged an astonishing amount of 12million, which was much higher than any amount charged for the same treatment in any normal circumstances (Asia one Health, 2016). Her unethical actions immediately came into the limelight and a legal suit was filed against her. In order to put on hold to the legal proceedings against her she wrote a letter to the foreign minister, George Yeo stating that in order to defend her case and protect her interest she has to reveal some sensitive information about the Royal Family. Later she found to be guilty and suspended by the SMC for three years along with the fine of $10,000. She did not only violated her professional code of conduct and compromised on her ethics and morals for commercial interest but also break the trust and faith that exist between a patient and their family. Stakeholders in this case The unprofessional behavior of Dr. Susan Lim has not only affected her personal and professional life but also other parties also who have a direct interest in her practice. The legal suit has affected Dr. Susan Lim, Singapore Medical Council and Brunei Government. Dr. Susan Lim: Dr. Susan Lim has been proven guilty for violating professional code of conduct. She overcharged her client based on her reputation. When asked about her unethical practice, she defend her case by releasing public statement saying that she has charged a reasonable fees for her treatment and in order to provide her client best medical care she even took additional training and consulted many foreign doctors on the same (Daily Mail, 2016). Singapore Medical Council: SMC is the governing body of all the medical professional practicing in Singapore. Their duty is to supervise and check whether the doctors are working in the best interest of their patient or not. The unethical behavior of overcharging the professional fees was deeply criticized by the SMC. This behavior of Dr. Susan Lim directly questions the ethics of other doctors practicing in Singapore. SMC imposed a fine of $10,000 accompanied by a three year suspension to Dr. Lim (SingaporeLaw.sg, 2015). The Royal Family of Brunei: The Royal Family even though are financially very strong but still they are exploited financially on the basis of their social class and reputation. The queens sister was charged approx. $24.8 million for a period of 110 days. During the critical stage of the patient the fees was increased to $250,000 to $450,000 per day. The relationship of a doctor with his patient and the family is of utmost good faith. Dr. Lim broke this faith and warned the royal family of disclosing their secret information during the proceedings (Glanfield, 2016). The Brunei government: The professional misconduct of Dr. Lim first came in the eyes of Brunei Government and they later reported to SMC. The Brunei Government raises the issue and asked Dr. Lim to charge a reasonable fees for her treatment. Due to the ongoing case the relation between Singapore and Brunei also got affected (Khalik, 2013). Ethical Dilemma Ethical dilemma referred to the situation of moral conflict or dispute where an individual have to make choices out of different alternatives or a course of action. Each course of action involves some Management on the part of ones ethics and morals. The individual have to make the right judgment regarding choosing the best alternative which minimizes the ethical and moral implications (Garber, 2008). In Dr. Susan Lim case she has been faced with the ethical dilemma of overcharging the queens. The situation of dilemma was whether to follow the professional code of conduct and charge her patient reasonably or forego her personal interest of earning livelihood. Each of the alternatives requires her to compromise on the professional ethics or her personal interest. Another dilemma faced by her was when she was fighting the legal suit and in order to defend her views she has to reveal some confidential information about the royal family of Brunei. About the Moral Theories Moral theories provide a strong basis for analyzing an individuals action and give a fair judgment about whether the actions performed by them is morally right or wrong. Morals and ethics are complementary to each other. The moral theories described here are written in old context which means they may not take into consideration factors affecting the choice of alternatives in present scenario. Also, each theory have different opinion regarding whether the outcome is morally right or wrong. They contradict each others view (Broad, 2013). The ethical dilemma faced by Dr. Susan Lim in above provided situation can be solved by applying moral theories and ethical decision making model. Each theory has its own set of limitations and have application in different scenarios. The moral theories are Hard Universalism, soft universalism, deontology and teleology. Among these four theories two theories will criticize and defend the case of Dr. Susan Lim. Teleology theory The teleology theory or the consequentialist theory of ethics states that the ethical and moral implication of an individuals action is analyzed by its final outcome. This theory believes that the course of action is justified when the end result is positive (Jhonson, 2008). In the context of the case, the actions of Dr. Lim is justified by the application of this theory. Dr. Lim though charged excessive fees but her aim was to provide her client with the best of the medical services. Also she gave justification saying that the fees was appropriate because it includes her training cost and consultation of other medical experts. Though she violated professional ethics and code of conduct, still her course of action will be justified both ethically and morally on the basis of this theory. Limitation to this theory The validity of this theory is limited to the positive final outcome. It does not implies that the course of action will guarantee a favorable result. In case of Dr. Lim also, though she was providing her best treatment to the queens sister but her overcharging of fees does not guarantee that the queens sister will benefit from the treatment and recover soon. This theory directly questions the ethical impact of the course of action chosen to achieve the end result. In this case, Dr. Susans action cannot be an excuse for the treatment of the queen sister. She was seen compromising her professional ethics. Soft Universalism The theory used to defend the case of Dr. Susan Lim is soft universalism which states that there are certain norms and principles which are applicable universally and they form a strong basis for leading a god life. They are applicable to everyone irrespective of the class, status, sex, and ethnicity (Schaumburg-Muller, 2008). In this case there was nowhere mentioned that Dr. Lim should charge this much but in the medical profession the life of the patient comes first than the doctors personal commercial interest. Also she violated the principle of good faith as she threatened to disclose the information of the royal family. Limitation to this theory: This theory talks about norms and principle which may or may not fit well in present scenario. In todays professional world there are certain situation in which an individual requires to take certain decisions which may or may not comply with the norms. Dr. Susan must have required to take decisions which were not in the line with the principles for the best interest of the patient. Ethical Decision making process Ethical decision in both professional and personal life is very important. The decisions should be ethically and morally right and the final outcome should justify individuals ethics and moral standards of the society (Byme, 2010). A counselling process will help Dr. Susan to resolve her ethical dilemma with the help of the eight step decision making process (Linder, 2013). Step 1: The first step includes defining the problem or ethical dilemma faced by the client, It is the professional duty of the counsellor to analyze the clients situation and the reasons why decision making is important and what will be the final outcome of this decision making process. The counsellor should give client some space and comfort, so that she can openly communicate her problem as the effectiveness of the solution depends on how well the problem is being addressed. In case of Dr. Susan, the problem should be identified and solved on an immediate basis as she has already lost her medical license to practice and in order to prevent any further damage to her reputation (Lo, 2012). Step 2: The second step involves gathering the relevant facts related to the problem of Dr. Susan Lim. She should review the fees charged by other medical practitioners for the breast cancer treatment. The guidelines of governing laws and regulation which in this case in SMC should be read thoroughly. The actual facts of the Dr. Susans case should also be collected unbiasedly and the impact of unethical actions of the stakeholders should also be analyzed. Step 3: The third step is to identify various alternatives or course of action keeping in mind the best interest of the SMC, Brunei Royal Family and the Brunei government. One alternative can be to restructure the treatment fees on the reasonable grounds. The other alternative can be to publicly accepting her mistake and apologize to the royal family of Brunei. The last alternative can be providing evidence which can justify her overcharged fees. Step 4: Once all the possible alternatives are identified, it should be critically evaluate all the possible alternatives and their impact on all the stakeholders. The advantages and shortcoming of each alternative should be analyzed. The counsellor should evaluate alternatives keeping in mind the situation of Dr. Susan Lim. Step 5: This step involves selecting the best alternatives out of the mentioned above based on the analysis done by the counselor. In Dr. Lims case the best alternative is to sincerely apologies to all the stakeholders in the public, especially the Royal Family of Brunei whose reputation has been at stake. She should also issue public statement stating that the fees will be charged on the reasonable grounds irrespective of the social class of an individuals. Step 6: This step requires the implementation of the chosen alternatives and take necessary actions to resolve the problem on the basis of the chosen alternatives (Ford Richardson). Step 7: This step is monitoring the results after the course of action suggested by the counsellor has been followed. Royal Brunei Family is not asking for any compensation nor they need but a public apology might appeal them to take back the legal suit. Also publicly apologizing may rebuild the lost trust and faith of the general public in her medical practice. Step 8: The last step is to validate whether the provided solution was in according to the problem or not. Also whether the chosen alternative have helped Dr. Susan in resolving her ethical dilemma or not. Conclusion The case highlights the unethical practices and unprofessional behavior of Dr. Susan Lim. She was facing the moral and ethical dilemma of charging a high fees for her treatment and breaking the principle of Utmost good faith that exists between the patient and their families. In order to resolve her dilemma, as a counsellor I have worked on with her on the eight step ethical dilemma model and find a relevant solution to her problem which will keep in mind the best interest of everyone. Also her actions were also defend and criticized on the basis the teleology theory and Soft universalism. References Asia One Health. 2016. 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